Yours is the third reply to me that makes a Factorio reference over the past month. I didn’t realize it was a game until yesterday. I guess I should give it a try.

You’re correct that intermittent power from wind and photovoltaic solar needs to be managed somehow. There are certain energy intensive, productive processes that can be conveniently ramped up or slowed down to meet this requirement. I just think such a system would be more responsible and less exploitative than building these massive battery facilities for speculating on the electricity supply.

Your half-joking idea of converting excess electricity to steam makes sense because steam is itself a useful product that’s needed for heating buildings as well as various industrial processes. Converting it back into electricity isn’t ideal, but that’s all you can do with a chemical battery in comparison.